Capítulo 5. Software Management

Índice

Using Software Center
Software Repositories
Installing Third-Party Apps
Software Updates

Software that is readily available to install on Xubuntu is stored in online software repositories which contain trusted software. Software repositories on Linux are similar to the software catalogs used by desktop app stores like the Microsoft Store and Mac App Store, or mobile app stores like the Google Play Store and Apple's App Store.

These repositories store software packages, which are the individual components that collectively make up the software your computer uses. The software packages are stored in this fashion so that they can be shared by different programs. Xubuntu's software repositories are organized and maintained by OS (Operating System) maintainers and contain a large selection of free and open source software. OS maintainers ensure that the software functions properly and does not contain spyware or viruses.

Xubuntu comes with applications which make it easy for users to install, update, and uninstall software from repositories.

Software Center (gnome-software) is an app store which is good for new users because it makes it easy to discover desktop applications. The list of available software can be expanded with the installation of plugins for the snap package repository (gnome-software-plugin-snap) and the flatpak package repository (gnome-software-plugin-flatpak).
Snap Store (install) is an app store for the management of applications that use the snap package management system. Snap applications are confined for extra security, update automatically, and can run across many different Linux distributions. The Snap Store is also available as a web interface.
Synaptic (synaptic) is a package manager with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) for users who want more control over package management. It has options to view installation history, view packages by repository, and lock a package to a particular version.
apt or apt-get is a CLI (Command-Line Interface) tool for package management that provides similar functionality to Synaptic and is beneficial for those who don't have access to a GUI or prefer to use the terminal. For information on the basic apt commands, see the Ubuntu apt documentation.
snap (snapd) is a command-line utility for the management of snap packaged applications. For information on the basic snap commands, see the Getting started documentation and the download and offline install tutorial.


	You will need administrative access to add, update, and remove software and you can only utilize one package manager at a time for package management. There are additional app stores and package managers including Flathub, AppImageHub, Ubuntu MATE Software Boutique, AppGrid, Aptitude (`aptitude`).

Using Software Center

You can launch the GNOME Software Center from the Applications Menu (Ctrl+Escape) or Application Finder (Alt+F3). It will be named Software and is found by default in the Favorites category, so it will be visible once you open the Applications Menu.

Once launched, you will be on the Explore tab of the GNOME Software, which allows you to browse the categories or click the search button in the title bar, to easily find an application by name or keyword. When you click on an application, you will arrive at its information page, which contains its description, images, website link, reviews, and other details. On this page you have the option to either install, launch, or remove the application, as well as write a review.

The other two tabs in the title bar are Installed and Updates. The Installed tab lists all the applications installed on the system and provides easy access to remove them. The Updates tab shows which applications are eligible for updating and it also has a Refresh button in the title bar to search for new updates.


	Algumas aplicações dependem de outras para poderem funcionar correctamente. Se tentar remover um aplicação que é necessária por outra aplicação, ambas serão removidas. Será solicitada a confirmação de que é isso que pretende que aconteça antes das aplicações serem removidas.


	GNOME Software does not remove the software package dependencies that get installed with an application. To remove any dependencies that are no longer needed by the system, run `sudo apt autoremove` in a terminal. Before agreeing to the removal, check that the packages being marked for removal are the expected ones.

Software Repositories

The Ubuntu software repositories contain thousands of applications curated from the best FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) for both entertainment and productivity. Management of these software repositories and additional ones is possible in the Software & Updates app found in the Settings category of the Applications Menu, as well as in the Settings Manager. It can also be opened through the Gear button menu in the title bar of GNOME Software or the Application button menu found on the left corner of the title bar.

On the Ubuntu Software tab, you can enable and disable the main four Ubuntu software repositories, as well as select the server where the downloaded packages should come from. The Other Software tab allows you to enable, disable, add, edit, and remove extra online and offline repositories.

Installing Third-Party Apps

For applications that aren’t available or outdated in the software repositories, users can visit the software author’s website and download their Linux or Ubuntu installation file. This file will have a .deb file extension and is a Debian software package. Once downloaded, simply open the file, and it will open in GNOME Software with the option to install. Alternatively, it can be installed through the GDebi Package Installer (gdebi).

Some application authors may provide a third-party repository, known as a PPA (Personal Package Archive), which can be added to your system. Other application authors may provide their software in the form of an installable Flatpak or as an AppImage, which runs without installation.


	Only download third-party apps from trusted sources in order to limit the risk of getting malware, junkware, or ransomware. If you’d like to install Windows applications, please see Capítulo 14, Migrating.

Software Updates

In order to keep your system updated and protected from potential security issues, Xubuntu has a software updates notifier running in the background. It checks for updates once a week and when updates are found, the Software Updater app will launch.


	To disable the software updates notifier service, disable the Update Notifier entry in the Application Autostart tab of the Session and Startup app. However, this is not recommended.

Software Updater

To manually check for software updates, you can open the Software Updater found in the Settings category of the Applications Menu as well as in the System category of the Settings Manager. Once opened, it will query the software repositories, compare the software list against the versions installed on your system, and present those that can be updated.

Update Check Settings

You can set how often the Software Updater checks for updates, which updates to check for and what should happen when updates are found. These settings can be accessed when Software Updater is run by clicking the Settings... button at the bottom left. Pressing this will open the Software & Updates dialog with the Updates tab selected.


	Software Updater will also notify you when a new version of Xubuntu is available. Learn more in the Capítulo 16, Upgrading.


Capítulo 4. Default Applications		Capítulo 6. Settings - Personalization